License
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
- ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Legal validity within the European Union
The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License is legally valid and enforceable within the EU, supported by:
- Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market
- Article 7 recognizes the legal validity of open content licenses voluntarily applied by rights holders.
- View full text
- International treaties, including the Berne Convention, to which all EU Member States are parties
- Creative Commons licenses are valid as long as the licensor’s intent is clear and explicit.
- Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU)
- Confirms that open licenses are enforceable under EU internal market law.
